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In this study,by the considering twenty - one ro dent species that ranges in Zanjan provience,it was determinet that of them nine species might be occured in grain fields.Of roden species Microtus socialis ,Microthus arvalis,Meriones tristram ,Meriones vinogrodovi,and Ellobius lutescens mightprimarily harmfully effect on cultivated grain fields.It was also revealed by the providing some knowledge abut species mentioned that deep ploughing in width of 0.5-1 meters of field edges is effectable method for taking measures against to their harmful effects. 

In this investigation,48 live specimens of the genus spermophilus Cuvier,1825 colected from the type localities within various of Iran have been sudied.The specimens were studied in detail with respect to their kariological characteristics. 

The karyotypic analysis of spermophilus fulvus Lichtenstein ,1823 from Iran showed that its diploid chromosome number is 2n=36 the Xchoromosome is metacentric and medium in size and the Ychromosome is the smallest complement of the karyotype seem to be acricentric and the autosomes contain seven pairs of large to medium - sized subtelocentric.Four pairs of large to medium - sized subtelocentric.Eight pairs of large to small acrocentric and one pair of small metacentric.

A comparative study was carrid out between the karyotype data obtainend from these species and the data from the literature.

While conductiong a research project

Biosystemic study of spececis of S.fulvus in Zanjan provience

The Morphologizal and Biological characteristics were also studied.thus 72 living samples 45 and 27 were trapped in 4 reserch sites in various areas in Zanjan provience (Zanjan , sultaniye , Abherand  Kidar).Morphological characteristic used in this study consisted of:total lenght ,body and hear lenght,tail lenght ,hind foot lenght ,ear lenght (mm) and weight (gh

The Morphometric result obtained by stading these characteristics indicated that,the made samples ones except for their tail lenght. In the status of sexual maturity,male animals tend to have a darken color than famele ones.In the biological studies ,the developmental growth of the animals from birth to maturity was studied ,also increase in daily food intake until the besinning of hibernation (   AUG-44gr) as well as decrease in food to intake during hibernation  OCT-26gr,NOV-4.5 gr and DEC-0.gr was investigated.The longest and shortes hibernation bouts of ground squirreles were found to be 120 and 28 days respectivety

In this period ,the longest unintereuped hibernation was 12 days.These samples reproduct twice a year( MAR.and JUN.) Also giving birth to 5-7 babies each time.

Apistract

the persian bee ,apis mellifera meda,was first described by skorikov in 1926 based on tongue lenght and shape of the abdominal sternites (Ruttner et al,1985). in the early description ,the  distribution  of A.M.meda was extended later to the north of Iraq,syria and the southeastern parts of turkey( ruttner,1988). Although it is distributed in an area that is important in terms of honey bee evolution (ruttner,1988),the honey bees of Iran have been less extensively studied.Morphometric analysis has been used to study variation within A.M.meda ( ruttner et al.,2000).however there is no study of allozyme variability in honey bees from Iran .Enzyme polymorphisms in honey bee subspecies have been extensively studied (for detail review see sheppard and smith,2000).The objectives of thistudy were to determine the biochemical variability of Iranian honey bees and to compare the results with published data from surrounding population.

Honey bee samples were collected in july 2002 from south of the Caspian sea.The area is mountainous and the highlands reach 2500 meters.Lowland bees are on the plains,in areas not more than 800 meters altitude. Six locations,hancayi,sefar,zanjan(highlands), Gultepe,duzteran,gholikhandy (lowlands)were visited and46 colonies were sampled.Starch-gel electrophoresis was performed Kandemir and kence(1995).Allozymes were detected after gels were stained for Est-3( E.C.3.1.1) ,Hk(E.c.2.7.1.1 )Pgm (E.c.5.4.2.2 ) , Mdh( E.c.1.1.37),Me( E.c.1.1.1.40) and Pgi E.c.5.3.1.9).Population structure parameters were determined by the BIOSIS-1 package Swofford and Selander,1981).

field and laboratory investigation on the ecology,reproduction and behavior of spermophilus citellus and spermophilus xantophrymnus were performed over a period of 4 years. both S.citellus and S.xanthophrymnus are diurnal species and occupy semiarid steppe areas in turkish Thrace and Anatolia,respectively.Distribution of the former species is confined to restricted steppe areas in turkish thrace whilethe,latter lives on the Anatolian steppe,and is sympatric whit Meriones tristami,Mesocricetus brandthi ,Allactaga williamsi and Microtus spp.The burrows of both species have one entrance,and are built separately in the field.They constitute smal social colonies and communicate with each other by emitting hoarse,sharp and shrill sounds. S.xantophrymnus enterrs hibernation in August and emerges in february.it was observed that they were tolerant of each other.Based on field and laboratory studies S.citellus and S.xantophrymnus give birth once a year .the little size was at 3 for the former species,and1-4 for the latter.average weight at birth was 5 g for both species. Newborns of both species became hairy at 15-17 days,their eyes opened at 22-25 days , and their ears at 30 days and offspring were weaned at the end second month  after birth .The external characters of 2babies from Edrine attaned those of adults4months after birth.

Apics mellifera meda in one among those two dozen subspecies which are the most widely distributed in the world . While in our first description , its distribution is restricted to North persia, lencoron (on the Caspian sea coast),in later staudies it extent westward, to the north of iraq and syria, and to the southeastern parts of turkey .To investigate the geografic variation and population structure of the honey bees of northen Iran that are among the least studied populations of Apis mellifera,samples were collected in the Alburz mountains,in the south of the Caspian sea.

Atotal of 46 colonies were sample from six different locations (    three in the highlands:khanchay,sefra,zanjan;and three in the lowlands,Gholikandy,Gultepe and duzteran fig.1).outof six enzymes assayed, four were found to be polymorphic( Pgm,Hk, Mdh and Est)  and two Pgi and Me displayed invariant banding patterns.

Gene frequencies,enzyme heterozygosities and usefulness of gene  frequencies to Hardy-weinberg expectations were analyzed with the BIOSYS-1 package.the overall grand mean heterozygosity for all populations was calculated as 0.052-+0.036.Adistance wagner analysis based on the prevosti distance divided the honey bee samples into two groups according to their origin from lowlands and highlands. Morphmetric variations of the colonies were assessed using parameters measured from hind and fore-wing and from legs.Different multivariate analyses were applied for the determination of different honey bee population in the Alburz Mountains in Iran .   

in this stady ,180 mole-vole specimens collected from west , central   , east and southeast iran were investigated by morphological,biometrical and karyological methods.According to our findings, 3different species,Ellobius fuscocapillus,Ellobius lutescens and Ellobius talpinus,are distributed in iran.karyologicalfindings showed that E.fuscocapillus has 2n=36    NF=56 , NFa=54 )E. lutescens has 2n=17 (NF=34 , NFa=32) and   Etalpinus, morphology ,karyology ,distribution.